EPD Wall solutions in steel building EPD HUB-3728 - Flipbook - Side 7
Transport and Installation (A4-A5)
Please note that this module has not been included within the system boundaries.
Product Use and Maintenance (B1-B7)
This EPD does not cover the use stage.
Air, soil, and water impacts during the use phase have not been studied. The declared Reference
Service Life (RSL) is 50 years, as stated by the manufacturer. There is no functional or aesthetic
degradation of the product under normal indoor use conditions.
Product End of Life (C1-C4, D)
Steel panels are designed for durability and can typically be removed without damage.
In C1 (deconstruction), disassembly is done manually with minimal use of tools. An average energy
consumption of 0.01 kWh per kilogram is assumed, based on Bozdağ and Seçer (2007).
C2 (transport) models the transport of dismantled panels and packaging materials to regional
treatment or disposal facilities by truck, using standard European transport assumptions.
In C3 (waste processing), the steel panels are sorted and shredded for recycling. It is assumed
that 95% of the steel is recycled, while 5% is landfilled or incinerated.
Acoustic felt and powder coating residues are assumed to be incinerated or landfilled, depending
on local infrastructure.
In C4 (disposal), the small share of unrecyclable materials4such as minor adhesive residues, nonrecyclable felt, and coating particles4are landfilled or incinerated in accordance with national
waste treatment regulations.
Module D (Benefits Beyond the System Boundary) accounts for the environmental benefits of
recycling steel. The avoided impacts of producing equivalent quantities of primary steel are
credited to the system, leading to significant reductions in resource use and emissions across
several impact categories.
Packaging waste is treated as follows:
Plastic packaging: 40% recycled, 37% incinerated, 23% landfilled.
Wooden pallets: 32% recycled, 30% incinerated, 38% landfilled.
Cardboard: 83% recycled, 8% incinerated, 9% landfilled.
6
Wall solutions in steel | Building
