EPD Wall solutions in steel building EPD HUB-3728 - Flipbook - Side 6
Product Life-Cycle
System Boundary
This EPD covers the life-cycle modules listed in the following table.
Product stage
Assembly
stage
Use stage
A1
A4
B1
A2
A3
A5
B2
End of life stage
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
C1
C2
C3
Beyond the
system
boundaries
C4
D
MND
MND
x
Refurbishment
Operational energy use
Operational water use
Deconstruction/ demolition
Recycling
MND
Replacement
Recovery
MND
Repair
x
MND
Maintenance
Reuse
MND
Use
Disposal
MND
Assembly
x
MND
Transport
Waste processing
MND
Manufacturing
x
x
Transport
Transport
x
Raw materials
x
x
Modules not declared = MND. Modules not relevant = MNR
Manufacturing And Packaging (A1-A3)
The environmental impacts considered for the product stage cover the manufacturing of raw
materials used in the production as well as packaging materials and other ancillary materials. Also,
fuels used by machines, and handling of waste formed in the production processes at the
manufacturing facilities are included in this stage. The study also considers the material losses
occurring during the manufacturing processes as well as losses during electricity transmission.
The wall panels are produced through a continuous industrial process using galvanized steel
sheets as the primary material.
In A1 (raw material supply), the production of galvanized steel is the dominant contributor to
environmental impacts. Secondary materials such as insulation and coatings are also included,
based on the selected panel configurations (perforated, insulated, etc.). In A2 (transport), raw
materials are transported to the production facility primarily by road. Transport distances and
vehicle load factors are modelled using European averages and optimized logistics.
In A3 (manufacturing), steel is perforated and bend or roll-formed into the desired type. If not precoated, the panels are powder-coated after cleaning. Insulation is bonded to the reverse side of
perforated panels as required. Scrap steel generated during production is collected and returned to
the material loop. The production process is compliant with EN 13964 and DAMPA9s ISO 9001certified quality procedures. The use of green energy in manufacturing is demonstrated through
contractual instruments (GOs, RECs, etc.), and its use is ensured throughout the validity period of
this EPD.
The panels are packaged in recyclable cardboard boxes. Substructure components such as
hangers, carriers, and trims are not included in the scope of this EPD.
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Wall solutions in steel | Building
