md-19005-en - Flipbook - Side 7
Transport and Installation (A4-A5)
Please note that this module has not been included within the system boundaries.
Product Use and Maintenance (B1-B7)
This EPD does not cover the use stage.
Air, soil, and water impacts during the use phase have not been studied.
Product End of Life (C1-C4, D)
Aluminium ceilings can often be removed without damage, depending on the mounting system.
Disassembly may involve unscrewing or drilling out rivets. During C1 (deconstruction), dieselpowered machinery is used on site. Based on literature, an average energy consumption of 0.01
kWh per kilogram is assumed for this stage (Bozdağ and Seçer, 2007).
In C2 (transport), the dismantled ceilings are transported to waste processing or recycling facilities.
In C3 (waste processing), sorted aluminium ceilings are shredded and directed into the aluminium
recycling stream. Aluminium9s high scrap value and established recycling infrastructure support
efficient material recovery. It is assumed that 90% of the aluminium is recycled, while the remaining
10% is landfilled.
During C4 (disposal), the small fraction of aluminium that is not recycled is disposed of in
accordance with national regulations.
Module D accounts for the environmental benefits associated with recycling aluminium. These
benefits are credited as avoided burdens in the life cycle assessment, reflecting the reduced need
for primary aluminium production and associated emissions. Aluminium recycling plays a key role
in offsetting the material's high embodied energy from the production phase.
Packaging waste is treated as follows:
Plastic packaging: 40% recycled, 37% incinerated, 23% landfilled.
Wooden pallets: 32% recycled, 30% incinerated, 38% landfilled.
Cardboard: 83% recycled, 8% incinerated, 9% landfilled.
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Aluminium | Building
